specimen

/ˈspe-sə-mən/

Latin, from specere to look at, look

noun

  1. an individual, item, or part considered typical of a group, class, or whole

  2. a portion or quantity of material for use in testing, examination, or study

  3. something that obviously belongs to a particular category but is noticed by reason of an individual distinguishing characteristic

a urine specimen

instance case illustration example sample specimen mean something that exhibits distinguishing characteristics in its category. instance applies to any individual person, act, or thing that may be offered to illustrate or explain. case is used to direct attention to a real or assumed occurrence or situation that is to be considered, studied, or dealt with.

noun

  1. a specimen or individual designated as type of a species or lesser group and serving as the final criterion of the characteristics of that group