parasite
/ˈper-ə-ˌsīt/
noun
an organism living in, on, or with another organism in order to obtain nutrients, grow, or multiply often in a state that directly or indirectly harms the host
someone or something that resembles a biological parasite in living off of, being dependent on, or exploiting another while giving little or nothing in return
Now the death of its host is certainly a setback to any parasite. To some (like the tapeworm) it is fatal; but smarter ones (like the louse) simply go off in search of a new host.